[en]1.I was born in 1980 and graduated in 2002 Ming Northern Engineering, majoring in electrical engineering.[/en][cn]1.我出生于1980年，2002年毕业呜北方工程学院，主修电子工程。[/cn] [en]2.I would like to apply for your newspaper published in the twenty-first century on the job advertisement.[/en][cn]2.我想申请贵公司刊登在二十一世纪报招聘广告上的职位。[/cn] [en]3.I do BROWM company technician has been a year's time.[/en][cn]3.我在BROWM公司做技术员已经有一年的时间了。[/cn] [en]4.As figure illustrates,a contemporary computer system consists of a central processing unit(CPU),pritnary storage, input devices,output devices,secondary storage and communications devices.[/en][cn]4.如图所示，一个近代计算机系统包括一个中央处理单元CPU,主存储器，输入设备，输出设备，副存储器和通讯设备。[/cn] [en]5.The use of vacuum tube declined rapidly when a semiconductor device was invented that could per form many of the functions previously associated with vacuum tubes. [/en][cn]5.发明了半导体器件后,真空二极管的使用呈迅速下降趋势,因为半导体器件具有真空管的许多功能. [/cn] [en]6.Silicon transistors began to replace germanium transistors in the late 1950s, which made possible the next revolutionary step in electronics.[/en][cn]6.硅晶体管于20世纪50年代末代替了锗工程学院，主修电子工程晶体管,它为电子学带来了又一次的革命性进步. [/cn]

用以实现任何设计的通用微处理器的话，电子行业就不会竞争得如此激烈了。[/cn] [en]6.One way of creating fusion here on earth is to heat and compress pellets containing hydrogen to the temperatures and pressures needed to fuse the nuclei

[en]1.The commercial success of the integrated circuit industry was based on standard products representing digital logic families.[/en][cn]1.集成电路工业的商业成就是在以数字逻辑家族为代表的标准产品的基础上取得成功的。[/cn] [en]2.This curriculum includes the elementary theory of passive component (resistor,capacitor and inductor

要被设计（当然，尽管要用到一些库）。[/cn] [en]2.For many years, however, it has been possible to build semi-custom integrated circuits using gate arrays. A gate array, as its name suggests, is an integrated circuit on which an array of gates has been created. The design of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) using a gate array therefore involves the definition of how the gates in the array should be connected.[/en][cn]2.但是，多年以来，可以使用门阵列构建半导体集成电路。门阵列，正如其名，是由许多逻辑门所构建的集成电路。因此，使用门阵列进行专用集成电路的设计包括定义列阵中的逻辑门是如何连接的。[/cn] [en]3.In practical terms, this means that one or two layers of metal interconnect must be designed. Since an integrated circuit requires seven or more processing stages, all the processing steps other than the final metalization can be completed in advance. Because the uncommitted gate arrays can be produced in volume, the cost of each device is relatively small.[/en][cn]3.在实际情况中，这意味着一到两层的金属互连必须被设计。由于集成电路需要七个或更多的加工过程，除了最终的金属化，其它步骤都可以预先完成。因为这些未知用途门列阵可以大量生产，每个器件的成本非常低。[/cn] [en]4.A diode is reverse biased when the diode negative electrode voltage is higher than the anode electric potential. The diode internal resistance was extremely high by now.[/en][cn]4.当二极管的正极电压高于负极电位时称二极管反向偏置，这时二极管的内部电阻非常高，所以一个理想的二极管可以阻挡反向的电流而让正向的电流通过。[/cn] [en]5.There are four basic tests required for transistors in practical applications: gain, leakage, breakdown, and switching time. All of these tests are best made with commercial testers or oscilloscopes.[/en][cn]5.在实际应用中，对晶体管须进行四项基本测试：增益、漏电流、击穿电压和开关时间。所有这些测试最好用通用晶体管测试仪和示波器进行测试。[/cn]

收到的信号极其微弱，其电平仅比噪声稍高一点。[/cn] [en]4.However,for applications in which the end product must process answers in real time,or must do so while powered by consumer batteries,GPPs comparatively poor real time performance and high power consumption all but rules them out.[/en][cn]4.然而，在最终产品必须实时响应的应用中，或者必

[en]1.Consider what we know intuitively about an integrator. If you apply a DC signal at the input (i.e. , zero frequency), the output will describe a linear ramp that grows in amplitude until limited by the power supplies. Ignoring that limitation, the response of an integrator at zero frequency is infinite, which means that it has a pole at zero frequency. (A pole exists at any frequency for which the transfer function’s value becomes infinite.)[/en][cn]1.我们怎么从直观上理解积分器呢？假设在输入端加上一个直流信号（频率为0），那么在输出端将会出现一个线性斜坡信号,其幅度一直增至电源电压。如果不考虑电源电压对输出信号的限制，积分器在零频率上的响应将是无穷大，这意味着它在零频率点上存在一个极点（在任何使传递函数为无穷大值的频率点上都存在一个极点）。[/cn] [en]2.While the complex frequency’s imaginary part helps describe a response to AC signals, the real part helps describe a circuit’s transient response. [/en][cn]2.复频率的虚部有助于描述电路对交流信号的响应，而其实部有助于描述电路的瞬态响应。[/cn] [en]3.The low-pass filter’s transient response is more stable, because its pole is in the negative-real half of the complex plane.[/en][cn]3.低通滤波器的瞬态响应更加稳定，因为其极点位于复平

for removal), one or more leads should be disconnected and care taken to avoid current paths in neighboring components when testing.[/en][cn]5.理想的方法是把该元件从线路中完整取出。但如果不方便的话（至少要在判别需要去掉之前），应该断开一根或几根引线，应当避免在测试时邻近的元件之间有电流通路。[/cn]

有时也被称为可靠性因子。[/cn] [en]3.Why is skew important? In high-speed systems, clock skew forms an important component of timing margin. A skew of 1 ns is a significant portion of a 15-ns cycle time. If the timing budget does not allow for skew, it is highly likely that the system will perform unreliably.[/en][cn]3.为什么偏移这么重要？在高速系统中，时钟偏移是时序富裕量的重要组成部分。在一个以15纳秒为周期的时间里，1纳秒的偏移都是很显著的部分。如果时序预算不允许偏移，系统很可能无法稳定运行。[/cn] [en]4.In today's designs, with clock rates over 100 MHz and rise times commonly 1 nanosecond (ns) or less, designers cannot ignore the role interconnections play in a logic design. [/en][cn]4.在当今的设计中，时钟速率都超电阻与电源并联连接,则电阻限定流入装置的电流.电过了100MHz，并且上升沿通常只有1纳秒或者更少，设计者不能忽视在逻辑设计中互连的重要性。[/cn] [en]5.The faster clock rates and rise times increase both capacitive and inductive coupling effects, which makes cross talk problems greater. They also mean shorter time for reflections to decay before the data is clocked and read, which decreases the maximum line length that can be used for unterminated systems.[/en][cn]5.更快的时钟速率和上升沿都将增加电容耦合及电感耦合效应，这使得串扰问题更加严重。这也意味着在数据被写入和读取之前的反射衰减时间更短，它减少了无终端系统中最大的可用线路长度。[/cn]

电容器的绝缘电阻，假设电

一是确保高速脉冲通过整个互连路径时的信号完整性，从器件到PCB板，再从PCB板到底板，最后到任何可能出现的网络连接。[/cn] [en]4.This is Ohm’s law and can be expressed as the formula:I=U/R . The resistor is generally a linear device and its characteristic forms a straight line when plotted on a graph.[/en][cn]4.这就是欧姆定律,可以用公式表示成I=U/R.电阻器一般是线性器件,它的(伏安)特性曲线形成一条直线.[/cn] [en]5.One Ohm is defined as that amount of resistance that will limit the current in a conductor to one ampere when the voltage applied to the conductor is one volt.[/en][cn]5.1Ω的定义是当加到导体上的电压为1V时,使导体的电流为1A时所需要的电阻值.[/cn]